Learning Unit No. 2
“The Chemical Basis of Life”
Biology

Unit Outcomes:

	1.   Understand elements, atoms and molecules.
2.   Understand the properties of water.
3.	To demonstrate an understanding of chemical reactions.
4.  	To understand organic compounds

Unit Outline

	I.  	elements, atoms and molecules
		A.	chemical elements found in living organisms
		B.	the structure of an atom
		C.	ionic bonds
		D.	covalent bonds	
	II.	properties of water
		A.	hydrogen bonds
		B.	density of water
		C.	water as a solvent
		D.	pH
	III.	chemical reactions	
		A.	chemical reactions change the composition of matter
		B.	reactants
		C.	products
	IV.	organic compounds
		A.	properties of carbon
		B.	polymerization 
		C.	carbohydrates
		D.	proteins
		E.	fats and lipids
		F.	nucleic acids
	
Terminology:

matter				element					compound	
proton				electron					neutron
nucleus			mass number(atomic mass		atomic number
electron shells			chemical bonds				ion
ionic bond			covalent bond				molecule
double bond			electronegativity			nonpolar
polar covalent bond		polar molecule 				hydrogen bond
cohesion			adhesion				surface tension
heat				temperature				solvent
solute    			aqueous solution			acid
base				pH scale				acid precipitation
chemical reactions		product					reactants
organic compounds		hydrocarbons				carbon skeleton

functional groups		hydrophilic				carbonyl group
carboxyl group			amino group				phosphate group
macromolecules		polymers				monomers
dehydration reaction		hydrolysis				carbohydrate
monosaccharides		disaccharides				polysaccharides
starch				glycogen				cellulose
hydrophobic			fat					triglyceride
saturated			unsaturated				phospholipids
waxes				steroids					anabolic steroids
protein				enzymes				amino acids
peptide bonds			polypeptide				denaturation
exergonic reaction		buffer					iodine
bendicts solution		nucleic acids				DNA
RNA				nucleotides				endergonic reaction
nitrogenous base		catalase					phosphate group
activation energy		actve site				substrate
inhibitor			polymerization				inorganic
isomers